Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Leukemia inhibitory factor drives glucose metabolic reprogramming to promote breast tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04820-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Ectopic LIF expression (left panel) or treatment with rhLIF (right) enhanced lactate production of different breast cancer cell lines analyzed by measuring lactate levels in the medium using a lactate assay kit. B LIF neutralization antibody (LIF neu-ab) blocked the promoting effect of LIF on lactate production in MCF7, MDA-MB 231 and T47D cells. C Knockdown of endogenous LIF decreased lactate production in MDA-MB 231 cells. D , E Ectopic LIF expression enhanced glycolysis rates ( D ), whereas knockdown of endogenous LIF decreased glycolysis rates ( E ) in different breast cancer cell lines as calculated by ECAR measured by using a Seahorse analyzer. F The diagram of glycolysis. G – I The fold change of inter-metabolites in glycolysis resulted from ectopic LIF expression in MCF7 and MDA-MB 231 cells ( G ), rhLIF treatment in MCF7 cells ( H ) or LIF knockdown in MDA-MB 231 cells ( I ) as determined by LC/MS metabolomics analysis. J The fold change of inter-metabolites in glycolysis induced by ectopic LIF expression in MCF7 xenograft tumors determined by LC/MS metabolomics analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3/group). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; unpaired Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: LIF neutralization antibody (AF-250-NA) was purchased from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Expressing, Lactate Assay, Neutralization, Knockdown, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Leukemia inhibitory factor drives glucose metabolic reprogramming to promote breast tumorigenesis

doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-04820-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Glut1 mRNA levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in MCF7, MDA-MB 231, and T47D cells with or without ectopic LIF expression. B , C Ectopic LIF expression ( B ) or rhLIF treatment (100 ng/ml for 12 h) ( C ) promoted endogenous Glut1 PM translocation in MCF7, MDA-MB 231, and T47D cells as determined by Western-blot assays. D Knockdown of LIF decreased endogenous Glut1 PM translocation in MDA-MB 231 cells. E Ectopic LIF expression increased the PM translocation of ectopically expressed Myc-Glut1 in MCF7, MDA-MB 231 and T47D cells as determined by Western-blot assays. F LIF neutralization antibody (LIF neu-ab) largely abolished exogenous Glut1 PM translocation promoted by LIF. G The rhLIF treatment promoted exogenous Glut1 PM translocation in cells. H Knockdown of LIF decreased Myc-Glut1 PM translocation in MDA-MB 231 cells. I Ectopic LIF expression promoted Myc-Glut1 PM translocation (left panels) while knockdown of LIF decreased Myc-Glut1 PM translocation (right panels) in MDA-MB 231 cells as determined by IF staining assays. Scale bar, 10 μm. J Ectopic LIF expression promoted the PM translocation of Myc-Glut1 in MCF7, MDA-MB 231, and T47D cells as determined by flow cytometry assays. Left panels: representative images of flow cytometry analysis. Right panels: quantifications of relative fluorescence intensity of Myc-Glut1 on the cell membrane normalized with total Myc-Glut1 fluorescence intensity in cells. In A , J data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 3/group. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; NS: non-significant; unpaired Student’s t -test. Uncropped Wes t ern-blot images are shown in Supplementary Fig .

Article Snippet: LIF neutralization antibody (AF-250-NA) was purchased from R&D Systems.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Translocation Assay, Western Blot, Knockdown, Neutralization, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Membrane

Journal: Development (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Lung epithelial tip progenitors integrate glucocorticoid- and STAT3-mediated signals to control progeny fate

doi: 10.1242/dev.134023

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ectopic IL6 family ligands result in accelerated AT2 differentiation via STAT3 activation. (A) Schematic and section of E15.5 slice culture resulting in differentiation of mature saccules with AT1 and AT2 cells in the presence of Dx. Green, pro-SFTPC; red, PDPN. (B) Schematic of IL6 and LIF experiments. Slices from individual lungs were split between two conditions for internal controls. (C,D) Sections from control, IL6- and LIF-exposed wild-type lungs. (C) Red, pSTAT3; white, E-CAD (epithelium). (D) Red, LAMP3 (differentiating AT2 cells); green LPCAT1 (late tip and AT2 cells). (E) Sections from control ( Nkx2.1-Cre; Stat3 +/fx ) and mutant ( Nkx2.1-Cre; Stat3 Δ/fx ) lungs with and without IL6. n =9 Nkx2.1-Cre; Stat3 Δ/fx lungs analysed in three independent experiments. Top panels: green, pro-SFTPC; red, LAMP3. Lower panels: red, pSTAT3; white, E-CAD (epithelium). Blue, DAPI. Dashed line, edge of lung. Scale bars: 50 μm in A,D; 100 μm in C,E.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies: acetylated tubulin (mouse, 1:3000, Sigma, T7451), CEBPA (rabbit, 1:500, Santa Cruz, sc-61), cleaved caspase 3 (rabbit, 1:100, Abcam, ab2302), E-CAD (rat, 1:1000, Invitrogen, 13-1900; or mouse, 1:1000, BD Biosciences, 610182), GFP (chick, 1:1000, Abcam, AB13970), GR (rabbit, 1:100, Santa Cruz, sc-1004), HOPX (rabbit, 1:50, Santa Cruz, sc-30216, clone FL-73), KI67 (mouse, 1:200, BD, 550609), LAMP3 (rat, 1:100, Dendritics, DDX0192, clone 1006F7.05), LIF (goat, 1:100, R&D Systems, AB-449-NA), LPCAT1 (rabbit, 1:500, Proteintech), PDPN (hamster, 1:1000, DSHB, 8.1.1), RFP (rabbit, 1:250, Rockland, 600-401-379), pro-SFTPC (rabbit, 1:500, Millipore, AB3786), SOX2 (goat, 1:250, Santa Cruz, sc-17320, clone Y-17), SOX9 (goat, 1:200, R&D Systems, AF3075), pSTAT3-Tyr705 (rabbit, 1:200, Cell Signaling, 9145), STAT5a (rabbit, 1:20, Abcam, ab7968).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Mutagenesis

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Neuroprotective and Axon Growth-Promoting Effects following Inflammatory Stimulation on Mature Retinal Ganglion Cells in Mice Depend on Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2770-09.2009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Regenerative state of RGCs 5 d after ONC and ONC + LI in mature wild-type and CNTF-deficient mice. A, Dissociated retinal cell cultures immunostained with an antibody against βIII-tubulin, showing spontaneously regenerating RGCs after 24 h in culture. Wild-type (wt) and CNTF-deficient (cntf−/−) mice had received ONC (onc), ONC + LI (onc + li), or no treatment (con) 5 d previously. Scale bar, 50 μm. B, Quantitation of neurite outgrowth of groups in A and of CNTF/LIF double knock-out (cntf−/−/lif−/−) mice 5 d after ONC + LI, indicated as average neurite length per RGC. C, Quantitation of RGCs per well after 24 h in culture, demonstrating no significant differences between groups. Significance between groups: ***p < 0.001; ns., nonsignificant.

Article Snippet: In experiments where the potency of CNTF or LIF was assessed the cytokines were applied to the medium at 10, 30, 50, 200 or 400 ng/ml and neurite outgrowth was determined after 3 d. The anti-LIF antibody (R&D Systems) was applied at 5000 ng/ml.

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, Knock-Out

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Neuroprotective and Axon Growth-Promoting Effects following Inflammatory Stimulation on Mature Retinal Ganglion Cells in Mice Depend on Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2770-09.2009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neurite growth-promoting effects of LIF and CNTF on mature RGCs in culture. A, Quantitation of neurite outgrowth of RGCs in the presence of increasing concentrations of LIF (as indicated), CNTF and an anti-LIF-antibody (α-LIF) for 3 d. Values were normalized to untreated controls. Treatment effects compared with the group treated with vehicle only. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001. B, Quantitation of RGCs per well after 3 d in culture, demonstrating no significant differences between groups.

Article Snippet: In experiments where the potency of CNTF or LIF was assessed the cytokines were applied to the medium at 10, 30, 50, 200 or 400 ng/ml and neurite outgrowth was determined after 3 d. The anti-LIF antibody (R&D Systems) was applied at 5000 ng/ml.

Techniques: Quantitation Assay